1. the aperture of the lens. It’s used to control the amount of light entering. The nice thing is, that has an effect on focus also.
2. focusing.The point you want your camera to clear the image, to focus on it.
If you combine 1+2 you can get a depth of field. That is, if you use a smaller opening, you let less light to enter, the time of exposure will be on a lower speed so you’ll get sharpen objects in the less lighted areas.
3. exposure, or shutter speed. So you can control the amount of time during which you let the light get into your camera. 'faster' shutter speeds (that is, those of shorter duration) decrease both the amount of light and the amount of image blurring from subject motion or camera motion.
4. white balance. to register natural coloration of the image. So if you have an artificial lightening, like your lamp, you can avoid getting a yellow picture by selecting incandescent light in the white balance category.
(let me share a little secret: if you use the cloudy category, you’ll get more colourfull pictures)
5. ISO. It’s the sensitivity to light. Stock with lower sensitivity (lower ISO speed rating) requires a longer exposure, while stock with higher sensitivity (higher ISO speed rating) can shoot the same scene with a shorter exposure so you can avoid unclear, moved images but you loose some of the details.
To have a good photo, you should try to combine at least these elementary parts of shooting. Try to use your camera on semi-auto mode for start. Like auto white balance, auto focus, ISO as low as you can use (less is more, don’t forget that) and the last 2 of them, exposure and aperture it’s already a piece of cake. Just spend some time by trying to combine them, and you’ll see it’s not hard at all.
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